All About Essay Samples in Ielts

All About Essay Samples in Ielts Characteristics of Essay Samples in Ielts Knowledge can impact attitude and result in behaviour subsequently. Professional teachers appear to be divided between which approach they believe is the best one. A Language teacher as well as a guidance consultant may be best as proofreaders. You will likewise be able to pull out some amusing anecdotes about your attempts to cope with culture shock. The discipline has plenty of reading, a great deal of writing, which makes us practice grammar a good deal, consequently. The topic concerning discipline in modern schools is among the well-known issues in the current climate. As you see your classmates all of the moment, it's simple to form friendships over your common interests. Essay Samples in Ielts Help! So, it's important to acquire complete details about it so you don't have any issue. If you attempt to answer a question you don't understand, you will probably become incoherent. You are able to re-visit the question later, in case you have time. The question can help you with the structure of your talk. Essay Samples in Ielts Always keep in mind an unstructured, incomplete letter won't ever help you accomplish your preferred band. In the bodily elements, on the flip side, a child who's engaged in playing a tr emendous quantity of time in video games, might suffer from obesity or overweight, as there are an absence of physical pursuits and exercises being performed while sitting and playing. Clearly, the issue with non-prescription drug usage is an increasing concern. So, the admissions are finished on the grounds of a fantastic IELTS score which varies from nation to nation, university to university. Studying abroad makes it less difficult that you get the finest possible teaching in your favorite field of study. At length, if you would like to become part of NYU one of the best MBA universities, meet the application requirements and adhere to the admission procedure. Applicants must want to be aware the paper application. Usually, you'd want to enrol for the academic year yourself and often you have to choose the modules (i.e. subjects) you would like to do during the upcoming calendar year. From time to time, the POINT sentence comes at the conclusion of the paragraph. The in itial two sentences generally can continue being the same. The program syllabus also enables you to understand the reading material associated with that week's lecture. At Homework Help Canada, our academic writers are all set to assist you with your with your assignments and make custom made essays for you, so that you can step back and have a breather. In a well-developed paragraph, students ought to be in a position to underline the sentence that's the POINT. What Essay Samples in Ielts Is - and What it Is Not Lectures offer new information which is sure to assist you on class assignments and likely appear on your last exams. The next Practice Tests offer extensive practice in the four modules at the degree of the true IELTS exam. IELTS speaking isn't an academic test. GRE General Test is among the most competitive exams on the planet that is taken to pursue higher studies in top foreign colleges or universities. The students involved with GRE preparation is going to have to provide equal value to both the tests. After the conclusion of the course it is possible to choose the exam at home. Both exams are commonly accepted. To find out which exam in every level is simpler than the other, we can simply count how many writing styles they're anticipated to understand how to produce. After finishing the previous step, the applicant's order is going to be placed and they'll be in a position to select the test. No matter your study needs may be, there's always a safer alternative than drug usage. The implementation of absolutely free medical care system is among the responsibilities of the government. Begin to submit your application while you've got much moment. Possessing a period spent studying abroad on your CV tells employers that you're a well-travelled person who's open to various cultures and distinct points of view. If you're more interested in the end result of the action, then use the easy aspect. Remember that different nations have various requirements. There are quite a lot of doctors that are worried about the effects on children's mental and physical capability in relation to the aforementioned matter.

The Crisis Of Bolivia As Economy - 1661 Words

From the New York Times article â€Å"Turnabout in Bolivia as Economy Rises From Instability† it seems as though, there has been growth at last for a country that came from a history of instability. Inflation is at minimal and with their well planned budget, the poorest country in South America, Bolivia is continuing to thrive with a 6.5 percent growth rate in their economy, last year, which is currently one of the highest rates in Latin America. Bolivia has advanced into an example, an example, for all other countries to want to possibly follow in the future. The Author, William Neuman, used this passage as followed: Tucked away in the shadow of its more populous and more prosperous neighbors, tiny, impoverished Bolivia, once a perennial economic basket case, has suddenly become a different kind of exception — this time in a good way. Furthermore, Bolivia has now an accumulated valuable amount of rainy-day fund of foreign reserves. Ana Corbacho, the International Monet ary Fund’s chief of mission said of Bolivia’s growth: â€Å"Bolivia has in a way been an outlier. The general trend is we have been revising down our growth forecast, except for Bolivia we have been revising upward† (William Neuman Pg.1). Currently, they have received praise from the International Monetary Fund and further international financial institutions. These compliments come as a surprise, considering that Bolivia’s president, Evo Morales, has numerous times criticized and insulted those institutions. He oftenShow MoreRelated Monetary Policy Constraints in an Small Open and Dollarized Economy1459 Words   |  6 PagesMonetary Policy Constraints in a Small Open and Dollarized Economy Central Banks around the world use monetary and exchange rate policies to affect interest rates aggregate output and internal credit in the short run.[1] Nonetheless, in small open economies these tools have limited efficiency, since global markets determine interest rates. Many small economies use fixed exchange rate policies to control inflation or promote stabilization. This policy puts constraints on the use of monetaryRead MoreA Brief Note On The State Of Economic Crisis1684 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens suffer from life threatening waterborne disease. Cochabamba’s economy cannot afford the necessary infrastructure to ensure everyone access to safe water. Bechtel must privatize Cochabamba’s water, offloading the previously unaffordable infrastructure to distribute water to the underserved poor. 1 - How did Bolivia get into the situation it s in now? What led to this need for privatization? Bolivia is in a state of economic crisis, caused by the limited access to, excess pollution, and scarcityRead MoreConducting Business At Bolivia ( Coffee )851 Words   |  4 PagesDate: January 19, 2014 To: CEO From: Alexandra Padua Subject: Conducting Business in Bolivia (Coffee) Our business company consisting of 300 employees is interested in conducting business in South America (Bolivia). It is in the interest of company growth and sustainability that our organization transfer 25 employees conduct research for future revenue prosperity. Invalsa was founded in 2004 and ships Bolivian coffee World-wide while supplying some of the largest specialtyRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Soviet Union1387 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, in Latin America there has been a resurgence of socialism into the 21st century. This resurgence has come to be known as the Pink Tide. It is associated with a moderate form of socialism that attempts to work with the current capitalist global economy and globalization. Although the degree of socialism differs from country to country, the foundation among all the states was to rebuild the region through multipolarity and solidarity. Since the implementation of neoliberal economic policies in theRead MoreBolivia, A Country Known For Natural Resources1110 Words   |  5 PagesBolivia, a beautiful country located in western-central South America. Bolivia is a country known for natural resources such as its mineral deposits, petroleum and natural gas, soybeans, and Brazil nuts. The population of this mountainous country is 10.67 million according to the 2013 census, of that 10.67 million around 750,000 Bolivian peoples are identified with the Aymara tribe. One Aymaran is very popular in the country of Bolivia, Evo Morales. Evo was born to self-sufficient famers in AndamarcaRead MoreBolivia And Its Effects On The Country1342 Words   |  6 Pages In Bolivia, coffee plays a prominent and ubiquitous role in its culture, history and function with a presence and control over all of these aforementioned aspects; it may not be the largest supplier of coffee, however, this fact does not in any way mitigate its colossal impact on the country. Bolivia is a grossly under-developed country, yet is very rich in natural resources and it is self sufficient (for the most part) in terms of being agriculturally sustainant, excluding wheat. Bolivia is locationRead MoreI.P. Wk1 Econ Essays840 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationships between the economic concern you selected and that specific countrys economy? What trends do you see in the data sets? Support your assertions of the trends with statistical evidence. Cite all of your sources correctly and include a reference list, both in APA style. I have taken Brazil as the country to research. It is the fifth largest country in world. Brazil is the worlds tenth largest economy at market exchange rates and the ninth largest in purchasing power. In 2007, BrazilRead MoreThe The Penguin Movement 1640 Words   |  7 Pagesstrike movement). The protests reached their peak at this time when 790,000 students adhered to strikes and marches throughout the country. This was the biggest student demonstration in Chile for the past three decades. It was also the first political crisis of President Michelle Bachelet. However, students did not fight alone. Many teachers and parents of students contributed to the struggle for equality in the education system. Universities and national teachers unions also began to challenge the neoliberalRead MoreThe Poverty Of Capitalism, And Food Production1090 Words   |  5 Pagesambition, and the wheels of production need to keep turning to keep pace with the demand for more profit. However, the cost of making the wealthy more prosperous is that half of the global south now lives in poverty. Furthermore, after the 2008 financial crisis, the G20 gave more power to the World Bank, the IMF, and the WTO to police world trade, despite how those institutions were responsible for economic crashes to begin with. Corporate Social Responsibility is also criticized by Hilary, who explainsRead MoreLatin American International Locations Aren t Resistant The Global Disaster1352 Words   |  6 Pagesanticipated that the GDP of 18 of the 32 nations in Latin america and the Caribbean would agreement in 2009, which includes the ones of the most important international locations: Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico. The primary mechanisms for transmitting the crisis were the deterioration within the terms of exchange, shrinking remittances from emigrants, and the huge withdrawal of personal capital from economic markets. The ECLAC estimates that the terms of change within the place will fall 15% in 2009 (2008

Vegetarian Sourcebook The Nutrition, Ecology and Essay Example For Students

Vegetarian Sourcebook: The Nutrition, Ecology and Essay na Ethics of a Natural Foods Diet. The ecological benefits of a vegetarian diet as opposed to a non-vegetarian diet. The highly negative effects of a non-vegetarian diet on our environment. Asseo, Laurie, Associated Press, 7/22/99 Royal Caribbean Cruises Limited was fined $18 Million for 21 felony counts of dumping oil and hazardous wastes from cruise liners. This citing is useful in documentation of a specific case to illustrate the extreme costs involved both economically and ecologically in large scale environmental abuse. Studies in Britain relating the use of water sources for production of meat. Similar findings in the European Industry as with the United States. Three to fifteen times as much water used to produc Bibliography: .

Nursing Preceptor Paper Essay Example

Nursing Preceptor Paper Essay A registered nurse would be an example of a preceptor in he nursing field because they have a license to practice. The nursing preceptor arranges for clinic kcal space and a variety of clinical patient encounters within rotation to ensure the student receives a wide clinical experience (Nursing, 2010). Preceptors are experts in nursing because they have years of experience and have a significant amount of knowledge. They are professionals who take on the responsibility to train and prepare new graduate nurses to seek more competencies in their area of interest in the health care setting. Discussion Nurse preceptors can have a good reputation or a bad reputation. In order for a preceptor to be effective in their roles, one has to support a new nurse through the phases of transition: honeymoon, reality shock, recovery and resolution (Garners, Chewer, 2012). A survey of new graduate nurses was conducted by the University of Memphis about what traits were most important for a nurse preceptor. According to this survey, a nurse preceptor allows hands on experience; welcomes interns and is prepared and ready to precept; remembers what it was like to be an intern; patient, supportive and encouraging; knowledgeable, confident, and enthusiastic about continuing heir own learning energetic and enthusiastic about ones career; models good organization and time management; has high expectations of intern; has integrity and respect for all people; and demonstrates professional ethics (Characteristics, 2014). We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Preceptor Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Preceptor Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Preceptor Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nursing preceptors are responsible for molding, shaping, educating and mentoring students into nurses (Scott, 2005). A preceptor needs to be a planner, coach, advocate, evaluator, cheerleader and role model for new nurses, regardless of their level on Bends model. Goals There are many goals of preceptor programs. Preceptor programs assist dents in making a smooth transition from novice to an entry level position, such as a beginner. A smooth transition focuses on improving patient care, skills and reducing the occurrence of role practice (Lurch, 2012). Another goal is for the students to gain clinical experience and critical thinking skills by practicing treatments, planning, organizing and acquiring priority-setting skills under supervision. Nurse preceptor programs provide that smooth transition by requiring numerous clinical hours and completing competency skills by providing learning opportunities, in which will follow accountability and growth professionally. Nurse Preceptors in relation to Bennett Model The Banners Model helps determine what level of competency a nurse has. It is made up of novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. A novice could be a nursing student who has had no experience. A novice will follow rules and procedures step by step. An advanced beginner can demonstrate performance but still rely on past experiences to perform practices. A competent nurse has a few years of experience in the health field (Banner, 1984). They may be able to practice the same skills as a proficient nurse, but they lack the speed that a proficient nurse displays. The expert performer no longer relies on an analytic principle (rule, guideline, and maxim) to connect her or his understanding of the situation to an appropriate action (Banner, 1984). Nurse preceptors fit the description of Banners Model of expert because their intuition of what to do in a situation is right on key. They have the experience and the knowledge to know what to do in most situations. As a nursing student, we are novices who need to learn the nursing process, learn how to effectively apply evidenced-base practice and to acquire the critical thinking skills as those as a professional nurse. Conclusion Nursing preceptors can make a difference in a student, new nurse or staff in a particular setting. Lack of preceptor skills can lead to the new nurse and staff to be dissatisfied, which could lead to a new position. It is certain that all nurses, professional or a novice, face environmental, cultural, social, technological, physical, political and emotional changes during a new job (Scott, 2005). It is the role of a nursing preceptor to make sure that the nursing student or new graduate is prepared for these changes. Perception is an organized, evidence-based, outcome-driven approach to assuring competent practice (Lurch, 2012). The competencies of a nurse preceptor need to reflect on a student.

How to Use a Scorecard to Create More Effective Content with Jeff Goins

How to Use a Scorecard to Create More Effective Content with Jeff Goins Do you wish your content were more consistent and effective? You’ve probably noticed that some of your posts get a lot of attention, while others tend to go largely ignored. Why is this? And, more importantly, what can you do about it? Today’s guest is Jeff Goins. Jeff is the author of The Art of Work and the founder of his blog, Goins, Writer. He says that by having a content scorecard, you can improve the standards of each of your posts, raising your blog’s overall effectiveness. If you’re having trouble keeping the engagement factor of your blog posts consistent, today’s episode is just what you need. Some of the topics we will be discussing today include: How Goins, Writer came about, as well as some great advice he received that got him into the habit of writing every day. The four points of the content scorecard: A good post is well-written, promises something, fulfills that promise, and containing a large amount of value. Some of the biggest challenges Jeff faced when implementing the score card. Advice for creating a scorecard that will work for your blog. Quotes by Jeff: â€Å"You don’t need to want to be a writer. You are a writer. You just need to write.† â€Å"The best content is not necessarily just a good story or a well-written piece but it makes a clear, compelling promise.† â€Å"You haven’t effectively communicated a message until the receiver says, okay, I receive that.†

Alvarado Name Meaning & Origin

Alvarado Name Meaning & Origin Alvarado is a geographical or habitational name originating from one of several places called Alvarado, meaning whitened place; many from Alvarado in Badajoz Province, Spain. Alvarado means dweller near a white hill or on dry land. Alvarado is the 56th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin Spanish, Portuguese Alternate Surname Spellings DE ALVARADO, ALBARADO, DE ALBARADO Famous People with the Surname Alvarado Pedro de Alvarado - legendary Spanish conquistador of the MayaTrinidad Trini Alvarado - American actress.Juan Velasco Alvarado – former ruler of Peru, from 1968–1975. Where Do People with the Alvarado Surname Live? According to Public Profiler: World Names the majority of individuals with the Alvarado surname live in Argentina, followed by larger concentrations in Spain and the United States, plus small populations in Switzerland and Canada. Public Profiler doesnt include information from all countries, however, including Mexico and Venezuela. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Alvarado 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? The Alvarado DNA ProjectThis ancestral y-DNA testing project is open to any male with any spelling of the Alvardo surname. Ancestry.com - Alvarado Genealogy Records (free trial or subscription required)Thousands of records for individuals with the Alvarado surname can be found on the subscription website Ancestry.com, including births, marriages, census, immigration and military records. ALVARADO Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Alvarado surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Alvarado query. FamilySearch - ALVARADO GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Alvarado surname and its variations. ALVARADO Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Alvarado surname. Cousin Connect - ALVARADO Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Alvarado, and sign up for free notification when new Alvarado queries are added. DistantCousin.com - ALVARADO Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Alvarado. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

How parental depression impact on thier teeenage children between the Dissertation

How parental depression impact on thier teeenage children between the ages of 15-19 years - Dissertation Example Living with someone who has a disease that changes their perception of reality can exhaust a family, leaving the development of children, particularly in their teen years, without a stable foundation. With a disease that is defined by its condition as a mental disease, a child may have to deal with additional feelings of guilt and shame, their lives becoming about the secret of mother or father’s illness. This study was conducted using relevant literature, both primary resources and secondary literature in order to frame the conclusion to the questions posed by the work. Through a qualitative approach, the relevant literature is examined for the experience that has been present in the human condition concerning the incidence of mental illness. Through understanding this experience, the researcher can come to conclusions based upon an understanding of the concept that stretches beyond that which can be quantified. Chapter One Introduction As a child, the development of curiosit y for this condition in parents came from exposure to a friend whose mother suffered from deep bouts of depression. Knowing this girl from the age of eight through high school made a deep impression about the concept of the disease that her mother seemed to suffer from through long torturous months of unpredictable days for this child. The girl, who may or may not have been similarly afflicted, displayed a series of behaviours that were curious and encouraged a need to find an understanding for what she was going through at the time. She horded large amounts of food in her locker at school, always afraid she would go home and have nothing to eat. She gained large amounts of weight, only to lose the same until she was thin as bone. She also began to cut herself when she was sixteen, a secret that was never revealed to any adult. The level of secrecy that her life held and the ways in which she expressed her own anxiety created a high level of curiosity about how much her motherâ€⠄¢s mental disease was affecting her life in comparison to any disease that she might have had on her own. The actions that were in rebellion to her own situation, hording food until it sat in piles of mold in her locker, in comparison to her acts of cutting her skin always created wonder at her own levels of depression, whether from an inherited condition, or from her exposure to behaviours of depression as they were exhibited by her mother. In this qualitative study, the research will be gathered through an investigation of secondary research and primary resource literature in order to understand the historical understanding of depression and the stigma that the disease has developed within society. While society tends to have a compassion for those who are afflicted with depression, there is still a pervasive opinion that it is merely a sadness, a disease that could be controlled if the afflicted would just try harder to not be afflicted. This creates a stigma that proposes that secrecy and silence rule within a family where one of the parents suffers

Operations And Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operations And Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Sydney is one of the most famous metropolitan, multi-ethnic, and cosmopolitan cities in Australia that comes under the location in the southeast portion of Australia. Moreover, it is considered one of the largest cities in Australia with a population of more than four million residents, which has also been popular for being a vivacious, dynamic, and lively city. It is a very diverse city with respect to its population where people of Australian, English, Scottish, Irish, and Chinese heritage are the usual inhabitants. Moreover, people from various other countries such as United Kingdom, Italy, New Zealand, Philippines and few other are also migrated and live as the natives of Sydney.The topography of Sydney, Australia reveals the truth that locality comes under the surrounding by several national parks, coastal regions that incorporate rivers, bays, and beaches. Furthermore, it has also involved itself in sports activities and events and hosted quite a few out of them. The climatic c onditions of Sydney demonstrate the fact that it usually has a moderate and self-controlled climate with warm summers and mild winters; however, the city experiences the rainfall all over the year (Robinson & Bachman, 2000).One of the leading and vital reasons to open up the chain of hypermarket in Sydney is due to the reason that it has come under-recognition in the world rankings for its economic innovations. Moreover, Sydney contributes a huge proportion of the total GDP of the country. According to the statistics, Sydney has also gained the reputation as a worldwide center for commerce, arts, culture, music, and quite a few other aspects. Sydney has become a hub for the multinational corporations and top organizations including banks and shopping malls. Moreover, Sydney has become a place with major worldwide brand name labels (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2000). Therefore, it can come to the conclusion that the cream of the crop people is mainly the residents of Sydney. According to the information and facts of Sydney, it is significantly one of the most expensive cities in the world with a very high cost of living. However, this is one of the crucial reasons

Policy Making Essay Example for Free

Policy Making Essay In the United States, a Constitutional form of government mandates a separation of powers between the respective branches of government. Therefore, the methods and avenues of the policymaking process are complex. Because of this unique separation between its executive and legislative functions (Schroedel 3) the governmental system in America lacks a formal hierarchical or organic link between the executive and the legislative branches of government (Schroedel 3) and this results in two primary progenitors of policymaking. Policy may be forwarded by the legislative or executive branches. The idea behind the division of policymaking powers to establish a government composed of functionally separated branches that are required to share legislative responsibilities (Schroedel 4) with neither of the branches exerting primacy. In addition to the formal branches of government, policymaking is impacted by public activism and public opinion as well as media. Such influence, often referred to as agenda setting, can be a primary motivator in the policymaking chain. Plainly stated, Agenda-setting is the course by which issues are adopted for Governmental consideration and perhaps remedy (Nelson 161), so, technically, one of the branches of government, legislative or executive, must at some point be engaged in the policymaking process set forth by public agenda-setting. A case which illustrates the combination of all aspects of policymaking fro public activism to legislative and executive influence, is the issue of child abuse in America. Rather than having long-standing laws and protections against child abuse, It was not until the 1950s and 1960s [ ] that the problem again came to the fore (Nelson 163); a key point being that the bringing of the problem to the forefront of public and governmental awareness lay largely with the media and with popular interest groups and activists. It was by examining how child abuse achieved these agendas that government came to understand new categorical social service policies (Nelson 163) and subsequent legislation broadened to include a more sensitive governmental response to rape, as well as recognition of such new problems as spouse abuse, child sexual abuse, child pornography, and abuse of the elderly (Nelson 163). The conclusion is that public interest and activism, along with the legislative and executive branches of government plays a pivotal role in policymaking in American government.

Laguna San Ignacio :: Trade Trading Japan Whaling Essays

Laguna San Ignacio Japan’s leading trading company, the Mitsubishi Corporation, has proposed an expansion to its large salt-mining company that is located at Laguna Guerrero Negro. Mitsubishi wishes to expand south to an area surrounding Laguna San Ignacio, occupying 21,000 acres of protected land surrounding the lagoon. Laguna San Ignacio is the second largest breeding and calving area off the western coast of Baja California where Gray Whales visit during the winter months. Mitsubishi’s 7 million ton per year facility at Laguna Guerrero Negro has grown to capacity and the cost of loading and shipping salt has become too expensive because the salt at the facility has to be shipped to Cedros Island. Then the salt has to be transferred onto cargo ships for international export, leading to the "double-handling" of salt. In moving south to Laguna San Ignacio the corporation will lower cost by increasing the amount of salt exported and eliminate the "double-handling" of salt, by creating a mi le long pier that can carry the salt out to cargo ships. The irony is that this project would never of been considered if the Gray Whales were not removed from the Endangered Species list, yet, only a month after the Gray Whale was removed from the Endangered Species list the salt project proposal was submitted, possibly endangering this species once again. THE GRAY WHALE The Gray whale (Eschrichtius Robustus) is believed by scientists to play an intricate part in the web of life that is not fully understood. Yet, people chose to exploit whales for their resources, not taking into consideration the long-term effects it may have. Humans have twice driven the Gray Whales to near extinction for the convenience of oil or other superficial needs. Fortunately, with the help of the moratorium on commercial whaling and groups such as Grupo de los Cien, Natural Resources Defense Council, World Wildlife Fund, Pro Esteros and others, the Gray Whale numbers are at pre-exploitation, somewhere around 21,000. This salt expansion project could once again cause damage to the Gray Whale population along with the rich biodiversity that inhabits Laguna San Ignacio. The Laguna San Ignacio is the last undeveloped lagoon that Gray Whales can still visit without the interference of man’s progress. THE POLITICS Mitsubishi and the Mexican governments’ industrial salt company, Exportadora de Sal (ESSA-which Mitsubishi owns 49%), have set up a web site that describes the impact that they have had on the Laguna Guerrero Negro, the coastal environment and the biodiversity.

Analysis of the Character of Winston in 1984 Essay

Written by the author George Orwell, 1984 gives a terrifying outlook of society. George Orwell presents a world in which society, controlled by the State, is indoctrinated in propaganda and illusion. The main character is different from the rest of the people since he decides to defy the society he lives in. From the first chapters, the author creates the image of an unsatisfied man with the people surrounding him. The character of Winston, however, seems a bit of a paradox since, whilst he tries to rebel against his society, he irrevocably loves his job. From the beginning of the book, Winston disobeys the Party’s orders (by writing a diary), showing his disapproval of the way society is. Furthermore, the fact that Winston keeps a journal, conscious of the danger he risks, is evidence that he hates his society. As the reader advances in the first chapter, he can witness Winston’s attitude towards the Party’s values and the society. His attitude seems to always differ from the other employees. Indeed during the â€Å"Two Minutes Hate† whilst everyone seems to loathe Goldstein, Winston is only faking his hate. This shows his refusal into following the Party’s rules. Moreover â€Å"Winston’s hatred was not turned against Goldstein but, on the contrary, against Big Brother, the Party and the Thought Police†. Winston has a very critical approach to the Party’s policies. Winston’s uneasiness towards the telescreen is further proof on how he feels about society. Indeed, the telescreen represents another controlling aspect of the society. Winston despises the controlling aspect of his society since the telescreen has â€Å"pushed† him into becoming paranoid. Winston’s attitude towards the telescreen shows us he hates his society for watching him all the time. Winston also hates women, a specific part of society. They represent absolute obedience and depersonalization which he completely disapproves of. Yet, his feelings towards them are presented as complex since Orwell insists on the fact that he looks down at them but also feels attracted to them. Winston is however having issues with pretty women: he feels that they are joining blindly the Party. His strong hatred for them is shown by the wish to hurt them: â€Å"flog to death†, â€Å"shoot arrows†, and â€Å"cut her throat at the climax†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ However his apparent complicity with O’Brien shows, underneath all the hatred, that Winston is actually longing for a friend in this society he hates. This complicity is due to the fact that Winston feels closely to O’Brien as he defied Big Brother’s authority. Winston might have then felt like he was not the only one to fully despise the world he lives in. Winston’s hatred for is society has a paradoxical aspect since he reject his society’s values and deeply loves his job at the same time. This seems paradoxical because Winston despises the fact that the Party controls, modifies everything whilst his job consists in modifying documents. His job consists in modifying documents, as if he were rewriting History to make it coherent with the Party’s claims. Winston’s job requires organization skills, with special attention for dates. The reader learns that â€Å"Winston’s greatest pleasure in life was in his work†. The benefits that his job brings to his life are escaping his life and a position of power. The position of power might refer to the fact that Winston can change elements of the world he lives in and furthermore which might make Winston feel in complete control of his life and work. However, Winston is far from being â€Å"in control† of anything, but he does have a certain amount of power at the Ministry, considering he is allowed to access archives. This could explain why Winston likes his job so much. Furthermore it seems that Winston is able to interact with the past and its â€Å"real† version being closer to reality than the updated version. On the other hand, Winston expresses a sense of uncertainty concerning the exact authenticity of the version he received. In addition, it is because Winston hates his society he uses his job as a way of forgetting his sad life. His job requires a lot of concentration and dedication, which is exactly what he needs to escape his boring daily routine. Because he is so involved in his job, his life becomes easier. This means his job gives him the possibility of somewhat escaping from the horror of living under such an regime. 1984’s main character Winston is a complex man, who refuses to conform to the norms of society and chooses instead to defy it, while at the same time he very much enjoys his work at the Ministry. Winston hates his society, yet loves his job. This is coherent because the aspects of society that Winston so despises are changeable by his job.

General Psychology and the Study of Human Behavior Essay

Psychology is the study of the human behavior especially how the mind of the human beings works. For many years, the behavior of human beings has been studied by very many scholars and they have come up with very many reasons as to why people behave in such a manner. However, as a student my main ambition is to become a drug and alcohol counselor. Therefore, this class of general psychology has helped me in building my career very much due to the course content value. Variation is one of the most obvious characteristics of human behavior. An individual’s every day life is marked by an expansive fluctuation in almost every aspect of behavior such as the intelligence he exudes, the speed with which he moves, his expression of emotions, goals he pursues, humor, energy, anxiety, shyness, among others. Even the most intelligent of human individuals have ordinary thoughts most of the time as they too are confronted with the normal activities like choosing the right mode of dressing, brushing in the morning and carrying out normal transactions. There is sufficient evidence towards the fact that one of the most striking features of a child’s behavior is its dynamic aspect of the stream of behavior recorded continuously (Barker, 1968). Any individual with no knowledge of psychology comprehend this dimension of human variation from their observation and experience. However, this is not prominent in scientific psychology. The concern of scientific psychology is another dimension of behavior variability with emphasis on individual differences. This is a major step in psychology that despite the variations that occur within every individual’s behavior, the methods for measuring and identifying individual behavior constants have been devised. Scientific psychology’s concern is with the varied number of constants measured and how they relate with each other. There is however a difficulty in achieving a stable behavior measurement. For the stability of behavior measurement to be achieved, their must be an imposition of stable measurement upon the individual, land the same conditions must be reintroduced every time the measurement is being repeated. The employment of this method offers measures of individual constancies under certain conditions but terminates individual variations under varied conditions thereby destroying the such contexts of behavior that occur naturally. This problem is not however unique to psychology. A beam’s strength can be measured under given specific conditions and under this very condition each time the measurement is being carried out. However, depending on the structural context, a beam possesses many strengths. This is also true for the meaning of words since words too have a range of meaning, the actual one being determined by the context in which it has been used. With this regard, an individual is like a beam or a word, possessing many strengths, intelligences, moralities, speeds and social maturities. However, it is clear where this intra-individual behavior variation comes from. An individual’s behavior is both internally and externally connected, though in a very complicated way. The internal parts of an individual such as the neurons, hormones or muscles and the external context such as the class, field or the game he is playing has a complex connection. The psychological individual who reads a book, plays some game and walks on some road poses as an identifiable entity between the interior parts and the exterior contexts that are unstable, being linked to both the entities, yet profoundly separated from them. This separation emerges from the fact that the internal parts and the external contexts of an individual involves an entity that functions according to laws that are not the same as those that govern his behavior (Cromwell-Davis, 2008). Such things like the actions of the brain, contraction of muscles and the concentration of hormones are not psychological phenomena. With the current state of understanding, the operation of such phenomena involve laws that are not compatible with that of psychology. The same applies to the environment with which an individual operates. The school or class where an individual is a student, the library he studies and the road he walks operates according to laws that are foreign with regard to that govern his behavior as an individual. The external context involves what has been referred to as the molar ecological environment which includes those phenomena that occurs naturally outside an individuals skin with which his molar actions are incorporated but operate according to laws that are incompatible with those laws that dictates his molar behavior (Baker, 1965). There is a difference between the psychological and ecological environment. One of the interesting aspects of human behavior is the course it takes when different variables are introduced within the environment. In the study below, behavior of individual was observed with regard to the distance between them and other human subjects. Theory Statement An individual’s mode of behavior is dictated by the distance between him and other subjects. According to Adam Kendon, every human behavior is located (Kendon 1990, p. 210). Human behavior takes place within a given space which has objects and people upon which the behavior is directed. The space and what it contains on the other hand influences the behavior of an individual. The space occupied and maintained by an individual’s behavior can in this respect be termed as the transactional space. The transactional space between two individuals influences their behavior. Experiment In the following experiment, a study was conducted to investigate the extent to which transactional space influences the behavior of individuals in college. The investigator walked through the college in different areas where different activities were being carried out. The exercise took three hours and findings were recorded. The experiment was conducted in the campus park because of the diversity of activity and human interactions that takes place in it. Methodology Since the study involved the study of behavior in face to face interaction, a major problem encountered was how to define the structural units in which the subjects were organized. In particular, it became difficult to delineate the distinct units of interaction with regard to the organization of observable behavior into their components for analysis. However, the observations were made randomly with neither of the subjects aware of the experiments. As such, the experimenter walked from one point to another, looking at the group formation and identifying individuals who did not have any company. The behavior which was recorded included eye focus, body movement and the degree of engagement in a particular action. In particular, the reaction of the subjects were observed whenever the experimenter approached an individual or a group of individuals. In all the instances, the experimenter did not engage the subjects in any form of conversation. Observations and results Behavior of individuals was varied depending on the activity and whether one was alone or in groups. Among the individuals who were alone, there seemed to be an absorption with either something that was going on around them or an absorption with an activity that they were involved with. They also seemed to react whenever an individual came within three meters of their transactional space. Of the notable behaviors, five out of six subjects looked directly at the individual who came within three meters of their transactional space. Among groups of individuals, there was a variation in behavior with regard to the number. In a group of two, the subjects engaged in conversation with momentous eye contact. Whenever one passed within a distance of three meters, they all turned and depending on the behavior or gender of the individual, some responded with either greeting the individual or looked briefly and continued with their conversation. The latter instance was rare with groups of three or more. Discussion A behavior setting is composed of one or more standing patterns of behavior. There are numerous patterns of behavior that have been recognized such as a molar unit or group activity. This is a bounded pattern in holistic human behavior. It is thus a discrete behavioral unit with coordinates which are univocal within space and time. As such, a standing pattern of behavior cannot be said to be a character of the subjects involved but rather, it is a phenomenon outside the individual with unique characteristics which remain whenever there is an alteration of the participants. One apparent thing among the subjects observed is that their behavior with regard to reacting to an individual coming within their transactional space is dependent among various factors which may not be open to the experimenter as human behavior is derived from both external and internal conditions. As such, every observable behavior exhibited by an individual has various roots even though behavior can be predicted to some extent. The first thing that the course has helped to understand in relation to drug and alcohol is the different terms that are used when counseling a person. This are the general terms that are used when counseling a patient. For example, it is not good to use terms like â€Å"you are wrong,† â€Å"you do not know† or â€Å"you are foolish.† The course has helped to learn the new terms that I will be using like, â€Å"instead of saying you are wrong,† you can say, â€Å"that is another good reason.† Additionally, it has helped us to learn the tone of language that is to be used. When counseling a patient, one should always be calm and always be positive about what the patient is feeling and thinking. It is also in this unit of general psychology that we have learnt how very different people behave in the different ways. This is where the course has taught me why different people behave as they do and why they end up drinking. Stress is one factor that makes people to end up becoming alcoholic or turning into drugs. Additionally, drug abuse and alcoholism has also been known to be hereditary from the resent research studies that have been done by the different scholars. It is through this course that we have learnt the very many reasons as to why people behave in different ways and why they take drugs or alcohol. I have learnt the different forms of therapy that are used in counseling in this course. This is where the introduction to therapy is done. One way of helping a drug or an alcohol addict to stop the addiction is through therapy. Therapy is the solving of personal problems of a person that occurs daily. In therapy, talking with a trained professional is the method that is usually used to solve the different problems. Therefore, this unit of general psychology is helping me gain that knowledge and become a professional therapist in treating the different problems that different drug and alcohol addicts have. It is also in this lesson of general psychology that I have learned the intelligence of the human thinking. In the growth graph, since the time somebody is born, the brain usually undergoes several stages intelligence. For example, when somebody is at the age of the teenage the brain starts to develop the ability to solve problems in reality. This means that the thinking capacity has grown and the person is able to think critically as compared to the person was young. Therefore, this lesson has helped me understand the different stages of intelligence in the human beings, making it easy for me when it comes to counseling the different people. Motivation is another very important factor in counseling especially in the counseling of drug abusers and alcoholics. It is in this class where the subject of motivation is introduced and taught in detail to prepare the students as they go ahead with the studies of psychology. I have learnt the different methods that are used in motivating the different drug and alcohol addicts. This is very important because when counseling people who are drug or alcohol addicts, the people need to be motivated so that they can be able to quit easily without the need of turning back. Therefore, this lesson of general psychology has taught me a greater lesson in motivation and how it should be applied in the field of practice. This class of general psychology has taught me a great number of different personalities that different people tend have. It is important to note that there is no way that two people can have the same personality. According to this chapter, it is because of how the different kinds of people have very different thoughts from one another. For this reason, the study of this lesson has been a very influential topic in my career as a counselor of drug addicts and alcoholics In addition, this class has opened up my mind on the different perceptions that I always had about drunkards. When I had started this class, I had the wrong impression/perception of how the drug addicts and alcoholics behave. I thought that this people, are people who are just lazy in life and they only abuse drugs as an excuse to their many problems. However, this class of general psychology has changed my perception about the different drug addicts and alcoholics and it has given me an open mind, which is required by counselors when it comes to helping others during therapy. Lastly, this lesson has been able to introduce some of the topics that are very useful in the study of counseling, and they are going to be learnt deeply in other classes especially at the level of specialization. Additionally, it is this unit, which has helped me realize that people are not always drug addicts or alcoholics because they want to be, but it is because of the different behaviors that they exhibit, which are affected by external factors like stress. These external factors can drive somebody crazy leading to drug abuse or alcohol abuse. Therefore, this subject has introduced me into the topic of human behavior in relation to drug abuse, alcoholism and how the following problems can be solved by the use of counseling.

Seiridium Cankers on Leyland Cypress

Seiridium Cankers on Leyland Cypress My Leyland cypress hedge has Seiridium unicorne canker fungus. The photo you see is one of many Leylands in my yard. I often regret my decision to plant the species but I also wish I had reviewed this material before I planted Underneath that spot of dead foliage is a seiridium canker, also called coryneum canker, and is a big problem on Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) trees. The fungus will destroy the cypress form and cause eventual death if not controlled. Seiridium canker is usually localized on individual limbs and should be removed immediately.   If you control this situation early, you can improve the condition of the tree and its future outcome. If you leave it for another day, you will regret it. Fungal spores from an active canker are often washed down the tree or splashed from tree to tree by rain or overhead irrigation.  New infections develop when spores lodge in bark cracks and wounds and this process quickly overwhelms the tree. Disease Description: So, seiridium canker fungus is a major problem owners of Leyland cypress, especially in the southeastern United States. Cankers can be identified as sunken, dark brown or purplish patches on limb bark and there us usually excessive resin flow from the patch. It should be recognized that resin flow can occur from the branches and stems of trees that do not have the disease. Other diseases like Botryosphaeria cankers, Cercospora needle blight, Phytophthora and Annosus root rots can have very similar characteristics. Be careful not to use resin flow alone as a diagnosis for Seiridium canker. The uncontrolled canker over time will destroy the cypress form and eventually cause the trees death. Seiridium canker is usually localized on individual limbs and shows mostly as dead foliage (see attached photo). Disease Symptoms: In many cases, the canker will disfigure and damages trees, most particularly in hedges and screens that are heavily pruned. The limb is usually dry, dead, often discolored, with a sunken or cracked area surrounded by living tissue (see attached photo). In many cases there is a gray discoloration at the point of infection. The foliage dies beyond the canker point to the limb tip. Disease Prevention and Control: Provide adequate space when planting trees to prevent the stress of crowding and to increase the air circulation. Planting at a minimum of 12 to 15 feet between trees may look excessive but will pay off in just a few years. Do not over-fertilize trees and mulch under trees to at least the drip line. These recommendations will minimize stressful water loss and the ever-present competition for water from surrounding plants. as well as potential damage to trees from lawn mowers and string trimmers. Prune away the diseased branches as soon after they appear as possible. Make the pruning cuts 3 to 4 inches below the diseased canker patch. You should always destroy diseased plant parts and try to avoid physical damage to plants. Sanitize pruning tools between each cut by dipping in rubbing alcohol or in a solution of 1 part chlorine bleach to 9 parts water. Chemical control of the fungus has proven to be difficult but some success has been noted with a full-coverage fungicide spray at monthly intervals from April to October.

A Profile of the Bali Tiger

A Profile of the Bali Tiger Name: Bali Tiger; also known as Panthera tigris balica Habitat: The Island of Bali in Indonesia Historical Epoch: Late Pleistocene-modern (20,000 to 80 years ago) Size and Weight: Up to seven feet long and 200 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Relatively small size; dark orange fur    Adapted Perfectly to Its Habitat Along with two other Panthera tigris subspeciesthe Javan Tiger and the Caspian Tigerthe Bali Tiger went completely extinct over 50 years ago. This relatively small tiger (the largest males didnt much exceed 200 pounds) was adapted perfectly to its equally small habitat, the Indonesian island of Bali, a territory roughly the size of Rhode Island. Considered to Be Evil Spirits There probably werent that many Bali Tigers around even when this species was at its peak, and they were regarded distrustfully by the indigenous settlers of Bali, who considered them to be evil spirits (and liked to grind up their whiskers to make poison). However, the Bali Tiger wasnt truly imperiled until the first European settlers arrived on Bali in the late 16th century; over the next 300 years, these tigers were hunted by the Dutch as nuisances or simply for sport, and the last definitive sighting was in 1937 (though some stragglers likely persisted for another 20 or 30 years). Two Theories About Differences With the Javan Tiger As you may already have surmised, if youre up on your geography, the Bali Tiger was closely related to the Javan Tiger, which inhabited a neighboring island in the Indonesian archipelago. There are two equally plausible explanations for the slight anatomical differences between these subspecies, as well as their different habitats. Theory 1:  the formation of the Bali Strait shortly after the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago, split a population of these tigers last common ancestors, which went on to develop independently over the next few thousand years. Theory 2: only Bali or Java was inhabited by tigers after this split, and some brave individuals swam the two-mile-wide strait to populate the other island.

Quatitative vs Qualitative Research Study Paper

Quatitative vs Qualitative Study - Research Paper Example p. 659). On a closer analysis, considering the above mentioned criteria, it becomes clear that one research study is quantitative in nature, whereas the other reflects qualitative characteristics, that is, the first article named â€Å"Nephrol Dial Transplant† is an example of quantitative research study. This article is concerned with â€Å"an identified problem, based on testing a theory, measured with numbers† and it is makes analysis by making use of statistical techniques (Chapter 4: Quantitative and Qualitative Research. n.d. p. 41). According to this definition, it is seen that the article is quantitative as it describes a lot of relationships such as that of demographic characteristics and knowledge of CKD, with the help of numerical variables through independent t-test, Pearson’s Chi Squared test, one way Analysis of Variance etc. Also, the article has a specific and narrow purpose as it basically deals with just finding out the impact of SMS system on C KD patients by analyzing the collected data and presenting it in numerical terms. This can be seen through the various numerical data presented under the head ‘Demographic and clinical characteristics of CKD patients at study entry’ of the article, where the researchers have represented the percentage of patients in terms of age, marital status, education, gender etc. Furthermore, they have also provided information regarding diabetes, hypertension, alcohol history, smoking history, walking, gardening and such other lifestyle activities of patients all in numerical terms. Another factor that makes it quantitative research is the participants, quantitative study always employs a random sample, as is seen in this case also. Therefore, these are the various elements that make this article an apt example for quantitative research study. The second article, â€Å"The Impact of Self-management Support on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease- A Prospective Randomized Con trolled Trial† is observed to be a qualitative research as it consists of the research taking place in a natural setting, where the researcher â€Å"gathers words or pictures, analyzes them inductively, focuses on the meaning of participants, and describes a process that is expressive and persuasive in language† (Wise, n.d., How would you define qualitative research? para.1). It involves a more generalized and broad topic and furthermore it is concerned with qualitative aspects such as gathering information regarding the participants’ experiences, feelings etc. It uses texts as well as diagrams as compared to the quantitative research, which is evident from the chart showing the profiles of patient enrollments, assignments and alerts. Another factor is that under the study design, specifically under the head ‘Standardized SMS Program,’ as opposed to the quantitative study, not many numerical values are used. In fact the data regarding initial eGFR, e nd point eGFR, number of initial

SHIPPING FINANCE , MANAGEMENT AND LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SHIPPING FINANCE , MANAGEMENT AND LAW - Essay Example 126). The company ignores the fact that clients prefer fuel-efficient vehicles. The problem relates closely with lack of innovation in the company. The management does not have structures in place to encourage and embrace innovation form from employees (Eichhorn, 1997, p. 28). The situation remains unique considering the fact that other competitors give special attention to innovation. 5 Gas and oil remain expensive with no signs of prices coming down because of the increasing stability in the producing zone in Asia and other parts of North Africa. Consumers now prefer smaller cars, yet Chrysler does not major in their production. In addition, Chrysler does not have an established international network to sell its products abroad. The biggest market is domestic (Mullaney, 2007, p. 4). 9 Statistics shows that sales continue to decline from 2008 where the company recorded a 22 percent drop in auto sales. Furthermore, the price of steel continues to rise steeply. Reports from the consumer survey agencies ranked Chrysler one of the fifteen countries with the worst quality. The other threat emanated from the decision by Daimler-Benz, a German automobile company acquiring Chrysler in 1998 developing a new company dubbed DaimlerChrysler (Silva-Risso, 2008, 19). The aim was to develop a new plan of action that focuses on improved product quality, better design, and higher productivity. The two companies wanted to achieve these through sharing parts and design models (Ebling, 2001, p. 72). By the end of the 2006 trading period, the performance of the company disappointed shareholders with the shares falling to ten percent. The fall generated from a threat developed by the company by choosing on a manager without the qualities of managing the company in the current contempor ary market. Poor and obsolete shape of the factory adds to the poor quality of the products and lack of innovation at the company. The CEO failed to bring together a

Inter cultural communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inter cultural communication - Assignment Example Furthermore, as has been discussed during the course of the semester, before being level of effective intercultural communication to take place, or the level of the nation all that, a relationship must at first exists. The depth and complexity of this relationship varies between individuals that issue(s) that are being discussed. However, in the event that the stakeholder wishes to have an effective level of communication with another partner, it is absolutely required that a relationship built on respect must exist first. Although this determinant alone does not guarantee that a level of agreement will be reached, the quality and depth of the communication, and the subsequent respect and trust that is fostered, will maximize the likelihood for this to take place. Accordingly, the need to focus upon this metric has encouraged many multinational firms and different governments to seek to build cultural appreciation and respect; prior to expecting a level of success with respect to com munication to be exhibited. Ultimately, human beings are extraordinarily impressionable creatures. As has been proven time and again, the culture and environment within which an individual is raised by profound and definitive impact with respect to the way in which they integrate with the world around them. With that being understood, it must also be understood that human beings are not programmable robots. Ultimately, for the thousands of individuals that might be influenced by particular culture and shoes to integrate with it, there may be a handful that rejected entirely; choosing to follow their own in life. However, instead of making the fundamental to stay at this juncture and saying that not all individuals are impacted by culture or are able to resist it, it must be noted that even those individuals who rejected entirely are impacted by. As such, even though culture can be resisted, the impact upon the individual is nonetheless profound as

Energy Efficiency: Directives and Legislation

Energy Efficiency: Directives and Legislation 2.1 Introduction The debate is ongoing, but there is now overwhelming scientific evidence that mans activities are causing significant climate change. Climate change has the potential to affect all aspects of life on earth and will have major detrimental social, economic and environmental impacts. The best response to these challenging issues is to change. Change the way we think. Change the way we act. (Get source) 2.2 Background to Directives for Climate Change The International climate change agenda containing the Directives and Legislation that drives for energy efficiency began in 1992 with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The objectives of the UNFCCC were to: stabilise the atmospheric greenhouse gases at a level that would prevent dangerous interference with the climatic system, to be achieved in a time frame to ensure food production is not threatened and to enable economic development proceeds in a sustainable manner. The UNFCCC is the parent treaty of the Kyoto Protocol (1997) which was developed to implement the UNFCCC effectively and properly. (www.euroace.org/reports) Irelands relation to the Kyoto Protocol is outlined in the subsequent sub-chapter. In December 2007, the latest climate change conference took place in Bali, Indonesia and it included representatives of over 180 countries. The two week period included the sessions of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, as well as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. The ‘Bali Roadmap was adopted from the conference which charts the course for a new negotiating process to be concluded by 2009 that will lead to a post 2012 international agreement on climate change. The next meeting of the parties to the climate change convention is scheduled to take place on December 2008 in Poland. After the Kyoto Protocol was established, Europe needed to take action to succeed in cutting its greenhouse gas emissions to 8% below 1990 levels by 2008-2012, as required by the Kyoto Protocol. This action was taken by launching the European Climate Change Programme (ECCP) in June 2000 which was then ratified in October 2005. The main goal of the ECCP was to develop all of the necessary elements of an EU strategy to implement the Kyoto Protocol. From this European Climate Change Programme, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD 2003) was developed. This is explained in chapter 2.4 of this text. (www.euroace.org/reports) In order for Ireland to meet its Kyoto target of limiting the increase of greenhouse gas emissions to 13% above 1990 levels by 2008-2012, a National Climate Change Strategy was implemented. 2.3 Ireland and the Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto Protocol was adopted to tackle the threat of climate change. It contains legally binding greenhouse gas emission targets for developed countries for the post 2000 period. The Protocol promises to move the international community one step closer to achieving the Conventions (UNFCCC) ultimate objective of preventing man-made interference with the climate system. As a first step towards tackling the threat of climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) required developed countries to put in place policies and measures with objectives of returning emissions of greenhouse gases to 1990 levels by the end of the decade. However, in recognition of the need to take more substantial and urgent action, industrialised or developed countries committed to reduce their combined emissions of greenhouse gases by at least 5% compared to 1990 levels by the first commitment period 2008-2012. The protocol came into force on 16 February 2005. As of November 2007, 174 parties have ratified the protocol. Of these, 36 developed countries are required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the levels specified for each of them in the treaty. The EU has an overall reduction target of 8% below 1990 levels and has agreed a burden sharing agreement that recognises the different economic circumstances of each member state.   Irelands target is to limit the increase in its greenhouse gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol to 13% above 1990 levels by 2008-2012. To date Ireland has struggled to get on target and at this stage looks unlikely to meet the 13% figure. With the help of the National Climate Change Strategy and the Protocol flexible mechanisms, this target may yet be achieved. The National Climate Change Strategy 2007- 2012 provides the national policy framework for addressing greenhouse gas emission reductions and ensuring that Ireland meets its target for the purpose of the Kyoto Protocol. Ireland may achieve their individual targets through domestic actions and use of flexible mechanisms provided for in the Protocol. The Government has decided that it will use the Kyoto Protocol flexible mechanisms to purchase up to 3.607 million Kyoto Units in each year of the 2008-2012 period. (www.environ.ie) 2.3.1 Kyoto Protocol Flexible Mechanisms / Emissions Trading An important part of the Kyoto Protocol was the introduction of three flexible mechanisms to reduce the costs of achieving emission reductions for the member states with emission reduction or limitation targets. The mechanisms enable Parties to purchase Kyoto Units from other Parties or to invest in cost-effective opportunities to reduce emissions. While the cost of reducing emissions varies considerably between projects and between countries, the effect for the atmosphere of limiting emissions is the same no matter where the action occurs. The three mechanisms are outlined below: Joint Implementation (JI) This is provided for under Article 6 of the Protocol, and enables Parties with reduction commitments to implement projects that reduce emissions in other member states with reduction commitments, in return for credits. The tradable unit under the JI mechanism is an Emissions Reductions Unit (ERU). Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) This is provided for under Article 12 of the protocol and enables Parties with targets to participate in projects that reduce emissions in those Parties that do not have targets under the protocol. This mechanism is aimed at developing countries. Credits generated using the CDM mechanism can be used by the investing Party for compliance purposes. The tradable unit under the CDM mechanism is a Certified Emissions Reduction (CER). International Emissions Trading This is provided under Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol and enables Parties or member states that have a greenhouse gas emissions limitation or reduction target under the Protocol to acquire Kyoto Units from those Parties that have reduced their emissions beyond their target under the Protocol. The tradable unit under emissions trading is an Assigned Amount Unit (AAU). The National Treasury Management Agency is the designated purchasing agent for Ireland and will administer and manage purchases of Kyoto Units on behalf of the Government. A dedicated Carbon Fund has been established for this purpose. All purchases will be made in accordance with the following objectives: That they contribute to the ultimate objective of the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change That risk is minimised, particularly in relation to the timely delivery of credits That they represent good value for money The National Treasury Management Agency will use the following mechanisms to purchase Kyoto Units: Direct purchase of Kyoto Units from other Kyoto Protocol member states Direct investment in joint implementation and clean development project activities Direct market purchases of Kyoto Units Any surplus Kyoto Units held by the State at the end of the 2008-2012 commitment period can be banked and used in a subsequent commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol or any successor treaty. (National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government) Below is a graph illustrating the total greenhouse gas emissions for all sectors of all the member states up to 2005. As we can see, Ireland is somewhat off reaching its Kyoto target. 2.4 The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) 2.4.1 Introduction â€Å"Energy performance demands in the building sector within the EU range from rather demanding energy regulations and already established energy certification schemes in countries like Denmark and Germany, to the situation in countries like France and Spain with low regulation demands and without certification processes established at national level† (Casal, 2006). EU legislation and policies, implemented through the Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD), aim to provide a more uniform approach to implementing building energy saving measures and reaching Co2 emission goals. Each member state is required to translate and implement the policies and guidelines within the context of its legal and economic framework. The EPBD was enacted by the European Union in line with the Kyoto Protocol to: reduce European building energy consumption by 10 per cent by 2010 and 20 per cent by 2020; complete energy ratings of 2 million existing buildings by 2010; and cut Co2 emissions by 45 million tonnes by 2010 (Casal, 2006). The directive is the first move to target buildings specifically to reduce emissions and overall energy consumption in the construction sector. 2.4.2 Overview of the EPBD The EPBD is a legislative act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve particular results with respect to the energy performance of buildings. The directive 2002/91/EC (EPBD, 2003) of the European Parliament and Council on energy efficiency of buildings was adopted by member states and the European Parliament on 16th December 2002 and came into force on 4th January 2003. This directive is a very important legislative component of energy efficiency activities of the European Union designed to meet the Kyoto commitment. The directive concerns a large number of participants on all levels with different impacts and different motivations: designers, housing associations, architects, providers of building appliances, installation companies, building experts, owners, and tenants effectively all energy consumers in the European Union. It will greatly affect awareness of energy use in buildings, and is intended to lead to substantial increases in investments in energy efficiency measures within these buildings. The EPBD has created a great challenge for the transformation of the European building sector towards energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy resources. The 4th of January 2006 was the official deadline by which the 25 member states had to transpose the directive. 2.4.3 Objectives and Requirements of EPBD The objective of the EPBD is to improve the energy performance of buildings within the community, taking into account outdoor climate conditions as well as indoor climate requirements and cost effectiveness. The directive lays down requirements regarding: The framework for a methodology of calculation of the integrated energy performance of buildings The application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buildings The application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of large existing buildings that are subject to major renovation The energy performance certification of buildings The regular inspection of boilers, an assessment of the heating installation in which the boilers are more than 15 years old and an inspection of air conditioning systems in buildings The requirements for experts and inspectors for the certification of buildings, the drafting of the accompanying recommendations and the inspection of boilers and air conditioning systems. The requirements of each member state are set out in the EPBD under different articles. (EPBD, 2002) 2.4.4 Summary of Articles 2.4.4.1 Adoption of a methodology Each member state is required to have a method of calculating the energy performance of buildings. This calculation method can be set at a national or a regional level. This is an extract of the directive on article 3: ‘Member States shall apply a methodology, at national or regional level, of calculation of the energy performance of buildings on the basis of the general framework set out in the Annex. Parts 1 and 2 of this framework shall be adapted to technical progress in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2), taking into account standards or norms applied in member state legislation. This methodology shall be set at national or regional level. The energy performance of a building shall be expressed in a transparent manner and may include a CO2 emission indicator (EPBD, 2002) 2.4.4.2 Setting of energy performance requirements These minimum requirements shall be reviewed every five years. Some categories of buildings may be exempted from the requirements. These include: Protected buildings and monuments Buildings used as places of worship Temporary buildings Residential buildings intended to be used for less than 4 months of the year Stand alone buildings with a total useful floor area of less than 50m ² 2.4.4.3 Setting of energy performance requirements for new buildings Each member state will set minimum energy performance requirements for new buildings. For large new buildings with a floor area of over 1000m ² member states should consider alternative energy systems before construction starts. These include: Decentralised energy supply systems based on renewable energy CHP (combined heat and power) District or block heating or cooling, if available Heat pumps, under certain conditions The consideration of the alternative energy systems should take technical, environmental and economic feasibility into account. 2.4.4.4 Setting of energy performance requirements for existing buildings Each member state will ensure that when buildings over 1000m ² undergo major renovation that their energy performance is upgraded to meet minimum requirements. The minimum standards may be applied to the whole building or limited to the renovated part. 2.4.4.5 Energy performance certificate Each member state must ensure that when a building is constructed that an energy performance certificate is made available to the owner. When a building is sold or rented out an energy performance certificate must be made available to the prospective buyer or tenant. The certificate is valid for 10 years. For buildings over 1000m ² occupied by public authorities, an energy certificate must be placed in a prominent place clearly visible to the public. 2.4.4.6 Independent experts Member States shall ensure that the certificate of buildings, the drafting of the accompanying recommendations and the inspection of boilers and air-conditioning systems are carried out in an independent manner by qualified or accredited experts, whether operating as sole traders or employed by public or private enterprise bodies. (EPBD, 2002) Implementing EPBD in Ireland 2.5.1 Building Control Act 2007 The Building Control Act provides for the legal transposition of the EUs Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) into Irish law. This will lead to energy efficiency becoming an important aspect of design concern for all buildings, both residential and non-residential. It is essential that the general public and companies involved in the industry understand the impact of the directive on residential and commercial property in Ireland. The Act requires that there will have to be mandatory building energy rating (BER) certificates for some buildings. This means that when a building is constructed, sold or rented out, the owner must provide a BER certificate to the prospective buyer or tenant. The BER will be accompanied by an advisory report setting out recommendations for cost-effective improvements to the energy performance of the building. This is further explained in chapter 3. ‘‘The successful implementation of the directive will require that systems are in place to guarantee the day-to-day delivery of assessment and inspection services by qualified people in a way that is consistent, practical and cost efficient, and with acceptable response times that maintain levels of service in the construction and property markets. (www.lkshields.ie/htmdocs/publications/newsletters) www.sei.ie www.epbd.ie http://www.euroace.org/reports/CIBSE_EUBD.pdf Casal, X.G. (2006), ‘‘Analysis of building energy regulation and certification in Europe: their role, limitations and differences, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 38 No.5, pp.381-92 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2002

The Internet Promotes Cultural Diversity Essay -- Exploratory Essays

The Internet Promotes Cultural Diversity When one thinks of the internet, what sorts of worlds and images do you suppose come to his mind? First of all, the hardware such as a computer screen and keyboard come to mind, followed by letters and picture and maybe even a the web-like structure to portray the information super highway. Ideas of search engines and then internet mailing and messaging systems should then occur. In the end, the overall idea is one of mass communication and informational transferences. The abbreviation that is well known to most internet use, â€Å"www.† which denotes â€Å"World wide web,† shows the obvious international applications. With respect to this understanding of its global distribution, the question arises: Will these transcontinental interactions destroy the cultural and historical diversity of style in composition? The answer is no. Despite the convergences of cultures, students who manage to make it through high school should have a basic background in the formati on and styling of a composition. These more mechanical aspects of style are rarely altered unless a new style if promoted. Mixing these historically formal styles with the new wave of information broadcasting, offered by the web, entails an alteration of style which will only promote diversity. To attack the subject of changes in cultural style, we must ask the question: Will mass communication between diverse cultures destroy cultural diversity? Defining culture becomes the next priority: culture: 1) The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought typical of a population or community at a given time. 2) A style of social and arti... ... ideas of one webpage. Referring back to the example sites listed above, and while making note of the randomness that was associated with the creation of the â€Å"clown porn† site, one can make note of the fact that even though the site was created almost as a gag, some weird people found it worth while or amusing. Practically no matter how weird something is, there is probably someone else out there that has similar beliefs. In the end, the internet cannot destroy diversity but can only promote it. The thought otherwise would imply that the entire world has access to the internet and that in some way, the internet has created a world of zombies that conform to its conquering cultural spell. In actuality, people have access to cultures and styles that they may never physically interact with; therefore, promoting a more worldly character in those people.

Hydrogen Gas Lab Essay

* For the mass, an uncertainty of0.01g was used, as the uncertainty was stated on the weighing machine. * For the volume, an uncertainty of0.05mL was used, as it was half the smallest increment on the graduated cylinder. * For the temperature, an uncertainty of0.5 was used, as it was half the smallest increment on the thermometer. Sample Calculation Converting mL to L Data Processing: Magnesium+HCl Reaction -Finding the molar volume at STP of hydrogen gas when HCl is reacted with magnesium. Finding Pressure of (Pressure of H2O at 21=0.02763) Finding Volume of at STP 0.002 Sample Calculation Finding Uncertainty for Finding moles of Moles of Finding Molar Volume of at STP. Zinc+HCl Reaction – Experimentally calculating molar mass of zinc using the ideal gas laws. Finding Pressure of (Pressure of H2O at 21=0.02763) Finding Moles of Determining Molar Mass of Zn Conclusion: In conclusion it was found that the molar volume of hydrogen gas that was produced when hydrochloric acid reacted with magnesium was 19L/mol3. Ideally it should be 22.4L/mol according to the ideal gas laws. There is a percent difference of 15% between the two values. But if uncertainties are considered the percent difference is reduced to 2%. This is an acceptable value because the actual value of 22.4L/mol is an approximation in ideal conditions according to the ideal gas laws. The ideal gas laws don’t take into consideration the attractive forces between atoms, or the volume of the atoms. And most likely if those factors were considered then the percent difference would be 0%. For the second part of the experiment it was experimentally found using the ideal gas laws that the molar mass of zinc is 124 g/mol. When compared with the actual value of 65g/mol, there is a percent difference of 90%. And even if uncertainties are considered, the percent difference is only reduced to 64%. This is too big; therefore the data is rendered unreliable. There were quite a few weaknesses and limitations in this lab. First of all the volume of H2O mixed in with the H2 gas was not considered. Had it been considered, then the volume found at STP would have been lower, and it would give a more accurate measurement to what the experimental value is. Another weakness in this lab was the fact that the molar mass of zinc was twice as big as its accepted value. The most likely reason for this is that when the zinc reacted, it is likely that some of the hydrogen gas was not in the beaker, but the hydrogen gas escaped into the air. That is why when the formula n=PV/RT was used, the volume in the numerator was half as big as it should be, which in turn caused the calculated molar mass to double. So it can be assumed that approximately half the hydrogen gas escaped into the air. Another weakness was the fact that the apparatus was left over night, and so if there was a microscopic hole or crack, then the chances of the hydrogen escaping is very high. This would be true because, and since hydrogen has the lowest molar mass of all the elements, it would have a very high velocity, and so it is possible that the hydrogen gas was able to escape through a microscopic hole at a fast rate because it has such a high velocity. Not only that, but since it was left overnight, it would have had more time to escape the beaker. There are a number of ways that this lab could be improved. First of all, a new graduated cylinder should be used to ensure that there are no cracks or holes through which the hydrogen gas can escape. Along with that the apparatus should not be left out overnight, but instead the reaction should be speeded up by heating up the apparatus, and then taking the measurements of the volume of gas every 1 minute. This in turn would decrease the amount of energy lost to the environment, and it would end up giving more accurate results. Next time, the volume of should also be considered. A percentage value can be used, since we know the pressure that gives, that pressure can be converted into a percent, and multiplies by the total volume, and then inversed. This in turn will in turn give the volume of .This will hold true because V=nRT/P, so pressure and volume are inversely proportional, and since nRT is a constant V and P have to change accordingly.

Research Paper on William James and Functionalism

PSY 101 4/7/13 â€Å"William James and Functionalism† I. Introduction William James (January 11, 1842 – August 26, 1910) was an American philosopher and psychologist who had trained as a physician. He was the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States. James wrote influential books on pragmatism, psychology, educational psychology, the psychology of religious experience, and mysticism. He was the brother of novelist Henry James and of diarist Alice James. In the summer of 1878, William James married Alice Gibbens. William James was born at the Astor House in New York City.He was the son of Henry James Sr. , a noted and independently wealthy theologian well acquainted with the literary and intellectual elites of his day. The intellectual brilliance of the James family milieu and the remarkable epistolary talents of several of its members have made them a subject of continuing interest to historians, biographers, and critics. James also worked on man y theories included functionalism which is the second paradigm in Psychology. According to William James, functionalism assumed that the human mind served an adaptive role.It explored the function of thoughts and behaviors. II. What is functionalism in Psychology? Functionalism is a theory of the mind in contemporary psychology, developed largely as an alternative to both the identity theory of mind and behaviorism. This theory is built on the premise that human mental states (beliefs, desires, pain, etc. ) are constituted solely by their functional role — that is, they are causal relations to other mental states, sensory inputs, and behavioral outputs . Functionalism is a theoretical level between physical implementation and behavioral output.Therefore, it is different from its predecessors of Cartesian dualism (advocating discrete mental and physical substances) and Skinnerian behaviorism and physicalism (declaring only physical substances): It is only concerned with the ef fective functions of the brain. Since mental states are identified by a functional role, they are said to be realized on multiple levels. In other words, they are able to be manifested in various systems as long as the system performs the appropriate functions. While computers are physical devices with electronic substrate that perform omputations on inputs to give outputs, our brains also act as physical devices with neural substrate that perform computations on inputs which produce behaviors. â€Å"The Principles of Psychology† is a monumental text in the history of psychology, written by William James and published in 1890. James's psychology included four methods: analysis (i. e. , the logical criticism of precursor and contemporary views of the mind), introspection (i. e. , the psychologist's study of his own states of mind), experiment (e. g. , in hypnosis or neurology), and comparison (i. . , the use of statistical means to distinguish norms from anomalies). III. The p aradigm of functionalism The subject matter of psychology: Psychology is the study of mental activity (e. g. perception, memory, imagination, feeling, judgment). Mental activity is to be evaluated in terms of how it serves the organism in adapting to its environment. The methods of psychology: Mental acts can be studied through introspection, the use of instruments to record and measure; and objective manifestations of mind, through the study of its reations and products, and through the study of anatomy and physiology. The functionalists tended to use the term ‘function' rather loosely. The term is used in at least two different ways. It can refer to the study of how a mental process operates. This is a major departure from the study of the structure of a mental process, the difference between stopping a train to tear it apart to study its parts (structuralism), and looking at how the systems interact while it is running (functionalism). The term ‘function' can also ref er to how the mental process functions in the volution of the species, what adaptive property it provides that would cause it to be selected through evolution. Functionalism never really died, it became part of the mainstream of psychology. The importance of looking at process rather than structure is a common attribute of modern psychology. As an individual approach it lacked a clear formulation and inherited the problems of the structuralist reliance on introspection. IV. William James’ approach on functionalism Unlike Many Psychologist who were interested on structuralism (structures of the mind), WilliamJames instead was interested in consciousness and how it functions in individuals, especially in relation to behavior. James’s psychology experiments with his students tended to be more curious adventures in consciousness and practical application. James taught at Harvard University from 1878-1890. During this time, he completed his renowned psychological work: â₠¬Å"The Principles of Psychology† in which he elucidated his functionalist insight into such subjects as consciousness, habit, and emotion. He was also became over saturated with the subject of functionalism and psychologyV. Functionalism vs. Structuralism As soon as psychology started to gain scientific relevance, so started the debate over how it was most appropriate to describe behavior and the human mind. Structuralism was first introduced by Wilhelm Wundt. It was then formally named and established by one of his students named Edward B. Tichener who broke away from many of the previous ideas put forward by Wundt. Structuralism aims to describe the structure of the mind in terms of the most primitive elements of mental experience. It focused on the breaking down of the brains mental rocesses into its basic components. These basic components were then attempted to be discovered by a method known as introspection. Introspection can be defined as the examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes. Structuralism is based on the idea tha t the aim of psychology is to investigate how the elements are relate to each other which is done by the study into sensations, images and feelings. Functionalism was formulated as a reaction to structuralism and aims to explain mental processes in a more accurate manner than structuralism.It does this by focusing on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. It was brought forward by William James (1842-1910) and was derived from the theory of natural selection created by Darwin which suggests that unless characteristics of a species, including the processes in the brain, served some sort of purpose they would not be selected over time by nature and would not have survived. There are weaknesses to both approaches. Structuralism was criticized for lacking reliability in its results due to the study of the structure of the mind being too subjective. Others argue that it was oo concerned with i nternal behavior that cannot be easily observed and therefore not easily measured. It could also be argued that everyday psychological problems cannot be solved by looking at the sensations of them alone and the mental operations that are promoted by functionalism have to be considered. VI. Conclusion Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner.Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education. Work Cited: * James, William. The principle of Psychology. Vol. 1 and 2. 1890. Dover publications 1950. * James, William. Psychology (Briefer Course) (1892) University of Notre Dame Press 1985: Dover Publications 2001. * Wade, Carole. Tavris, Carole. Psychology Tenth Edition. Upper Saddle River. Pearson Education 2011, 2008, 2006. * http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/William_James

The Settler’s Impact Essay

The Settler’s Impact Essay The Settler’s Impact Essay From the beginning the affect the Europeans had settling in the Americas, was known. Although they didn’t have the best of starts, they still managed to create settlements along the coast and eventually entire provinces. Their beginnings were rough with the Native Americans, but they soon learned to live amongst each other and learn each others tricks to survival. The affect the settlers had was nearly immediate and occasionally tragic as the settlers brought with them diseases, advanced weaponry, and in some places, a sense of entitlement to the land. Disease was one of -if not the largest- issue that the Natives had to face. European settlers carried illnesses, such as: typhus, cholera, and smallpox. None of the listed the Natives had immunity to. The spreading of these diseases led to massive amounts of death in Native communities that came in contact with settlers and explorers. This affected Natives for years to come as the generations built up immunity to them. With weakened tribes along the coast, settlers took the advantage while they could and expanded their settlements. Expansion led to the Natives losing precious farmland, sacred grounds, ritual sites, and valuable hunting territory. Effectively pushing Natives westward into surrounding tribe territories and creating more conflict. This also eventually led to more disease being spread amongst settlers and newer tribes. Newer and weakened tribes led to a greater lust for land amongst settlers, bringing about fights over who has the more effective weapon: bow and arrow or the rifle? Early rifles, although powerful, weren’t very reliable. Natives had a better sense of aim with their bow and arrows, and even with weak numbers this helped them a lot with conflicts with pushy settlers. Over time, rifles became more advanced and readily made. This changed warfare and hunting in favor of the settlers. Eventually, as land lust died down this became a very important trade item between settlers and natives. Trade was a big deal between settlers and natives from the beginning. Natives taught the settlers how to grow their crops and where to hunt. They even gave some of their crops to the settlers just getting on their feet until they had established enough of their own. In return, settlers introduced newer crops and

The meaning of healing miracles Essay Example

The meaning of healing miracles Essay Example The meaning of healing miracles Essay The meaning of healing miracles Essay Christians today make of the miracle stories in the bible as influencing stories. They mainly market these stories and tell them to others or preach. The stories were read to uneducated people in a way that they could influence them to see the good in believing in God. One is when a group of demons asked Jesus if they could cast out their evil spirits into a nearby herd of pigs. The pig farmers were incensed and angry with Jesus because when the spirits entered the pigs, they all jumped of the cliff. This all makes sense if the miracle was legitimate. If Jesus was just helping someone deal with psychosis, lets say, why did the pigs all jump off the cliff? Each miracle has its own significance. Many are comparable to todays miracles, and are very encouraging to people who have illness or suffering, as they can provide faith and allow people to stay positive believing that they have hope. Miracles only happen to those who have faith in God and who believe. They use the miracle stories as part of their worship by reminding God how great he is and what he has done for them and to thank him. Also this gives them a reason to stay in faith. If they ever have any doubt they can recall the miracles and see how great and powerful God is. Christians today can learn a great deal from miracles. They learn how important their faith is in God. Miracles happen anywhere. They can happen to anyone as long as there is faith, it can happen everywhere and they happen because God wants us to be fit for the kingdom. Christians can learn from this, that miracles happen to people who need them, to people who believe in him, and to people who have sinned, confessed, and apologise. They do not happen to people who have no or little faith, who question God, or who ask things of him in a selfish way. Miracles teach us that Jesus helps all kinds of people who need him. For example: the healing of the leper teaches us that we must follow Jesus teaching and his examples. We must reach out to those who are at the edge of society either by sickness or reputation. Another example is the story of the Centurion. This story shows how the faith of the Centurion saved his servants life as Jesus healed him. What is Forgiveness? What does it mean? Why is this a difficult concept? First, I must establish that Forgiveness is a process. There is no time frame. Each person will work through the process at his or her own pace. There is no magical saying or act that will produce instant results. What are your words for forgiveness? What do you feel when someone talks about forgiveness? What I have noticed is that the words for someone not able to forgive are about pain. The words about forgiveness are about healing, release and joy. Some consider forgiveness to be a miracle. Forgiveness is very important in life and miracles happen because God forgives those who have sinned. Miracles help inform Christians about Jesus and that he is the son of God. He is the one who lead people and brought them to forgive the sins of others. Miracles are proof to everybody that God exists and how powerful he is. Jesus performed many miracles, for example Turning Water to Wine: John 2:1-11. Jesus turned all the water into wine at a wedding. He is able to do this, because people believe in him, as without faith miracles cannot happen. Some churches hold healing services today. These are miraculous as they help people coping with sickness. Even if there is not enough power to heal the person or they have not confessed their sins, the thought of having God with them by their side is very comforting for those with terminal illnesses. Healing services help support people and comfort them, so yes they are miraculous services. God can save peoples lives and cure them, (even if it is just by making them believe they will get through whatever the problem is) and this gives them comfort. The Holy Spirit is one of the three persons of God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit. For many of us, this is a difficult concept to grasp. The Bible declares that there is only one living God, yet we learn from scripture that He comprises three separate personages. One way to partially visualize this notion is to examine the nature of water (H2O). Water is a single compound that can exist in three states liquid, ice and vapor. An egg is another picture. It is comprised of the white, the yolk and the shell, yet it is still one egg. Of course, by no means do these examples paint a complete picture of our God, but they are illustrative of the fact that His three persons in no way invalidate His oneness. As God consists of 3 elements he is very powerful, and this is why he is able to perform such miraculous events as he does. Present day miracles may not be very obvious but they consist of things such as, the healing of sickness, speaking in tongues and exorcisms. Other miracles are not obvious at all; they may be things such as rain following drought or people being able to cope after a horrific natural disaster. Many things are miracles because of peoples strong belief in God. Today, people have access to bibles, as well as encyclopaedias. Over six million trained Christians are assisting others to gain divine knowledge based on the Bible. Thus, miracles are no longer always necessary to attest to Jesus Christ as Gods appointed Deliverer or to provide proof that Jehovah is backing his servants. There are miracles everyday such as birth, life and life and death situations. It is a miracle that people are still getting along in this day and age. If God performed a miracle for everyone so as to prove his existence then there would be no point in Religion Religion is based on faith which does not require proof and it is something you have to work on.